Water extracts of Allium sativum and Nigella sativa were Leaded to reduce Percentage in contaminated bacteria of comminuted red meat. Psychrophic and 81.47% for faecal coliform which appeared higher reduced Storage for three months and the reduced rang between 18.46% in The microbial preceuse in comminuted red meat was affected by freezing To reduce the number of bacteria between23-53% for psychrophiles to 70.43% The results showed that the freezing meat at (-4)c◦ for three months leads Psychrophiles, protealytic, lipolytic, Total coliform and faecal coliform. The study were involved microbiological tests on six microbial groups usedĪs indicators of contamination of red meats: these include total. Increasing period of freezing storage by using plant extracts addition to stroge The study aim was detected the changes in numbers of contaminatedīacteria of red meats through freezing stroge and applied some technical of Although there is no evidence that males intentionally provide necessary resources to particular females during times of high energetic demands and decreased foraging efficiency, as has been found in humans, and meat sharing is generally rare, it may have subtle, yet important effects on the maintenance of bonds in Guinea baboons. Long-term data will be needed to ultimately distinguish between the two accounts. Alternatively, females may prefer males that are generally less aggressive and thus also more likely to share meat. We hypothesise that males may benefit from feeding tolerance by retaining females, while females may increase access to potentially nutritious and rare food sources. The occurrence of oestrus females in the gang did not influence whether or not sharing would occur in that males did not share with oestrus females unless an affiliative relationship already persisted, indicating that short-term currency exchanges of meat for sex are unlikely. Males shared meat passively only with females in their social and reproductive units. Our data show that males capture and kill a variety of prey, including hares and antelope. Female–male relationships persist irrespective of female reproductive states, yet females may also switch between males at all stages of the reproductive cycle. Several males of different units maintain strong bonds, resulting in the formation of parties within gangs. Guinea baboons live in a multilevel society that comprises units of males with associated females and, sometimes, secondary males. We present observational data regarding male prey capture and male–female meat sharing in wild Guinea baboons. Meat sharing in non-human primates has been linked to a variety of functions, including harassment reduction, mate provisioning and status enhancement. Semi-annual mortality rates calculated from October, 1967, through October, 1969, for transmittered animals are the same, on the average (41 percent), as those calculated demographically for the entire population. Of the 25 transmitter-equipped animals found dead, 64 percent apparently were killed by coyotes, 12 percent died of unknown factors and were uneaten, 20 percent were found partially eaten by avian predators or scavengers, and one animal was shot by a hunter 6 miles from the study area. A hand-held radio is used to locate dead animals in the field. Seventy-five rabbits have been transmitter-equipped and the pulse rates monitored manually at ranges up to 9 miles from stationary 80-ft towers. Longevities of the 50 g, 50 mc (megacycle) transmitters range from 4 to 8 months using two Eveready E-1 mercury cells in series. The thermistor, an integral part of the transmitter collar and located externally over the back of the animal's neck, is sensitive to body temperature and reduces the transmitter pulse rate by 30 percent as the animal cools. A long-range pulsing transmitter equipped with a thermistor was developed for detecting rate, time, and cause of mortality in black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |